Shikhar Giri. Professor Sinclair. History-1302. 07 January,

Shikhar Giri Professor Sinclair History-1302 07 January, 2017 Final Assignment 1. How and why did FDR and the New Deal fundamentally transform America? In your answer, consider the changes related to business, farmers, laborers, minorities, and politics. What were the limits of the New Deal? What was its legacy? The New Deal was a movement of undertakings, including, most noticeably, Government managed savings, that were built up in the Unified States in the region of 1933 and 1938, and a couple that came later. They included both laws pass by Congress and presidential authority demands in the midst of the essential term (1933–1937) of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The tasks were a direct result of the Great Hopelessness, and focused†¦show more content†¦The New Arrangement most significant legacy was a move in government thinking. Thus, of the New Arrangement, Americans came to trust that the focal government has an obligation to ensure the soundness of the nation economy and the welfare of its inhabitants. 2. How and why did the United States engage in the Vietnam War? Why did the U.S. forces leave Vietnam? What is the legacy of that war? How were the American people and the nation transformed by this experience? Yet, after the Second World War the general example was to free settlements and make them self-ruling countries, the United States helped France in its effort to keep its territory of Indochina since it required France settle Europe in the basic periods of the chilly war. In 1954, an unclear year from the French pullout from Vietnam, delegates at the Geneva Conference distributed Vietnam at the seventeenth parallel. The approach ought to be temporary, however in 1955 after settled races, the head chairman of South Vietnam declared it to be a free state called the Republic of Vietnam. Defined by the Eisenhower association, the domino speculation stipulated that if one country yielded to communism, the enveloping countries certainly would fall as well. Consequently, the United States tremendously extended its manual for the Republic of Vietnam. At, in any case, American staff

Neoclassical Architecture Free Essays

The Founding Fathers of the United States, especially the classically educated Thomas Jefferson, chose Neoclassicism as the country’s national architectural style as it is the amalgamation of all the ideals that the Founding Fathers had fought for in their journey to independence from their colonizers (â€Å"The Federal Style†).   Classical architecture was first inspired by the Greeks and later adopted by the Romans for their own unique designs when they conquered Greece (â€Å"Roman Architecture†). The great ancient society of Rome was specifically the inspiration of the newly formed America. We will write a custom essay sample on Neoclassical Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Rome to the United States was the epitome of a myriad of aspects such as its government, education, and the arts (â€Å"The Federal Style†). The neoclassical style of architecture which started in the mid-18th century in America  conveyed a forward thinking approach for the coming 19th century (â€Å"The Federal Style†).   In general neoclassical style displays symbolisms of democracy and philosophy (â€Å"The Classical†). When it was adopted by the Americans it evoked an analogy of young America to imperial Rome aiming to emulate the latter’s greatness (â€Å"Neoclassical architecture,†Ã‚   2006). I definitely believe that architecture can convey a message to the viewer as powerfully as a painting can.   Although it is often called â€Å"frozen music† or â€Å"mute poetry†, it does not mean they are totally void of meanings or implied ideas. They may not be explicit or literal in their message but architecture can still allude to nature.   Notice how the Sydney Opera House in Australia echoes the sails surrounding it. Architecture is unique in that the form cannot be separated from function especially in modern architecture.   The form itself communicates ideas or meanings even in their pristine state.   For example, a horizontal line is associated with a line where earth and sky meets or a reclining figure connotes stability, restfulness, peace.   Warm colors evoke the sun, fire, or summer, whereas cool colors suggest their opposites. References The Classical Temple Architecture and Symbols of Washington, DC. N.d. STOPTHE RELIGIOUSRIGHT.ORG. Retrieved   04 December 2006 from the World Wide Web: http://community-2.webtv.net/westernmind/WASHINGTONDC/ The Federal Style. (n.d.). holycross.edu. Retrieved 04 December 2006 from the World Wide Web:   http://www.holycross.edu/departments/classics/wziobro/ClassicalAmerica/federalistintrohp.html Neoclassical architecture. (2006). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Retrieved December  4, 2006, from Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9373222/Neoclassical-architecture Roman architecture.   Wikipedia: The Free Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 04 December 2006 from the Web:   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_architecture How to cite Neoclassical Architecture, Essay examples

The Illusion of Control free essay sample

â€Å"Americans have a special horror of giving up control, of letting things happen in their own way without interference. They would like to jump down into their stomachs and digest the food and shovel the st out.† – from Naked Lunch by William S. Burroughs Though I would rarely compare myself to an average American, I cannot help but agree with Burroughs. Whenever I feel that I’m losing control (which I never actually had to begin with) over the â€Å"big things† – politics, the environment, human nature, newspaper article deadlines – I become almost  ­obsessive over little things: I insist on keeping all the writing in a notebook the same color; I would rather not take notes at all than switch pens. I keep my textbooks in perfect condition; the slightest crease in the cover or mark on a page is  ­reason to buy a new one. And God forbid someone should borrow my pen and return it sans cap. We will write a custom essay sample on The Illusion of Control or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That’s a deadly risk for both of us, for it means that while my friend lost only a pen cap, I lost control. And there is something thoroughly frightening about losing control. It’s as if helplessness were something inefficient, un-American, anti-capitalist. When I was young and silly (six months ago), I was a simpleton and an idealist. I was told then (and still am today) that I could change the world if I wanted to – and I honestly believed it. Today, I am among the ranks of cynical youth. Having spent a few months of my sixteenth year as a nihilist, sometimes I still fall into the traps of that Jacobian forbidden fruit of knowledge and insist that nothing I do  ­really matters. It is this deadly knowledge, this feeling of helplessness in the face of the brutal armies of ignorant baboons (who call themselves proud Americans) that makes me want to shoot up the calming heroin of symmetry and neatness and the illusion of control. I would have remained in this semi-neurotic state were it not for writers like William S. Burroughs and Herman Hesse. Though radically different in every aspect of their writing, both of these men showed me the absurdity of my control issues, something for which I can neither forgive them nor thank them enough. Naked Lunch, which made little sense if any at all, nonetheless had an impact on me that I can hardly begin to put into words. It was a thoroughly disgusting novel, but Burroughs, with his twisted sense of humor, intended it to be just that. It taught me, however, the sheer impossibility and foolishness of attempt ­ing to control anything in this mad, mad, mad, mad world of ours. After all, what sense is there in running around like a psychopath, trying to force everything and everyone (including yourself) to be perfect, while completely forgetting your own being? Ultimately, the life of a perfectionist is depressing and meaningless. Siddhartha, on the other hand, took me on a far less nauseating journey. It showed me how to let everything slip out of my hands, like water or sand, and to simply float on the river life, without attempting to rearrange the pebbles on the river bottom along the way. Unfortunately, I started my college applications well before I read Naked Lunch or Siddhartha. Needless to say, I was completely overwhelmed. I didn’t know where to apply, what to major in, or even what essay topics to write about. In fact, I fell into a short-term depression every time I even looked at my copy of The Princeton Review’s 361 Best Colleges. Today, all my college application nightmares have dissipated, leaving me completely content with all my decisions and – ironically enough – in control. I have realized that all the stress and worrying was a worthless expense of energy and time. In the end, everything fell into place and worked itself out as if by magic, without my going insane trying to control it and make it perfect. And by the way, I now allow myself to mix pen colors in my notebooks.

US History Since 1877

The Gilded Age of the late 19th century was a time of rampant political, cultural, social, and economic transformation. Is America facing another Gilded Age today in the 21st century?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on US History Since 1877 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction The gilded age is a phrase which refers to a period between the 1870s and 1890s. This era was characterized by unparalleled technological innovation and economic development. The end of the 19th century was instrumental in the history of the US. It is remembered as a period of expansion and progress. However, it disregards the devastation inflicted on the nation by the civil war. It was a controversial period characterized by social struggles between the wealthy and the poor. In a nut-shell, this was a struggle for the acquisition of property and power. The term gilding refers to a method of covering the surface of wood or metal with a thin layer of gold, this was done to enhance the appearance of the object. Some scholars have argued that America may be going through another Gilded Age in the 21st century. This essay will assess and investigate these claims. The Gilded Age, which is synonymous with the late 1870s to the 1890s, has replicated itself in America during the 21st century. Comparison of the Gilded Age of the 19th century to the 21st century The end of the 19th century exhibited a rapid growth of industrial development. Through this expansion, the current industrial economy was born. This industrial economy paved the way for the dominance propagated by the large corporations. Currently in the 21st century, it is the rapid development and innovation in the ICT sector that has fueled the growth of the American economy. In this modern era, development and progress made on internet services have propelled the US economy, and established a firm service-based economy. Additionally, due to various reasons in the past decade, the US economy and business sectors have seen several companies merging or acquiring other ventures. These mergers and acquisitions have resulted in the formation of the largest corporations in the world (â€Å"Are We Living in a New Gilded Age?† par. 2). During the Gilded Age, the rich acquired more wealth while the poor continued to languish in poverty. With the growth of industrialization, wealth also expanded. Entrepreneurs like John Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, and Andrew Carnegie accumulated vast wealth while the rest of the population languished in the slums and broke their sweat in factories owned by the â€Å"robber barons†.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As the affluent in society continued to accumulate vast quantities of wealth, the society experienced tremendous demonstrations of opulence. A good example is the Biltmore estate. It is arguably t he biggest private residence in the US. However, during the 19th century the middle class was relatively small. On the other hand, the 19th century had its own fair share of significant occurrences such as the demonstration of philanthropy by Andrew Carnegie. Andrew during his life-time contributed more than $350 million of his wealth approximated to be about $400 million (â€Å"Are We Living in a New Gilded Age?† par. 3). Nothing has changed in the 21st century. However, history seems to be repeating itself. The rich continue to acquire billions of dollars at the expense of the poor. In contrast, the average US citizen excluding the super-rich continues to languish in poverty with their accumulation of wealth projected to be in the negatives. This is because they have accrued a lot of debts. This has consequently had an adverse impact on the middle class which is regularly reducing in numbers. Just like in the Gilded Age, most of the affluent billionaires in the 21st century engage in charitable organizations. Some of them have even opened their own charitable foundations. Through charitable organizations and foundations, they have donated enormous sums of money. For example, Bill Gates resigned as the CEO of Microsoft so that he could run his charitable foundation. The Bill and Melinda’s foundation has also received large contributions of money from various people. One of the largest donors of this foundation is Warren Buffett, who has contributed more than $40 billion (â€Å"Are We Living in a New Gilded Age?† par. 4). During the Gilded Age, there was rampant exploitation of American laborers, a situation which resulted in the establishment of labor and trade unions. Some of the exploitations included prolonged working durations, low wages, and poor working environments. Consequently, Samuel Gompers established the AFL in 1886. After the foundation of the AFL, the period was characterized by a sequence of strikes. The most memorable str ike in this era was the Pullman Strike in 1894 (par. 5). In the 21st century, most of the labor movements have been ostracized by the political administration. As a result, the large corporations have started to exploit American workers. However, this is not in the hazardous manner experienced in the Gilded Age. For instance, Microsoft Corporation demanded that its employees should work for extra hours without overtime pay.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on US History Since 1877 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company was subsequently sued for this violation in 2004. In comparison to the Gilded Age, very few American workers are members of any labor union. It is estimated that about 7.6% of the private sector workers have membership in a labor union (â€Å"Are We Living in a New Gilded Age?† par. 6). In reference to politics, the Gilded Age was tainted by massive allegations of corruption across the po litical divide. It was also characterized by the dominance of local politics over national interests. As a consequence, the elections were highly contested and registered a very high voter turnout. In addition, political campaigns were not based on factual issues. They were predominantly focused on sensational mud-slinging. In the 20th and 21st centuries, the terms of the recent four presidents have been tainted by various scandals, the only exception being George H.W. Bush. Voter turnout in the elections has also significantly increased. The elections in the year 2000 were closely contested. Additionally, the national political machinery has overwhelmingly dominated local politics in the US. From various observations, the electorate can infer that the local priorities are not considered at the national level in the dominant political parties (â€Å"Are We Living in a New Gilded Age?† par. 7-8). Most scholars argue that the Gilded Age ended due to the anxiety experienced in 1 893. The US experienced an economic recession for at least 4 years. This recession was occasioned by poor monetary policies, overspending on railroads, and doubtful funding of railroad projects. During this period, more than 500 banks collapsed, and it is referred to as the great depression. Currently in the 21st century, there is a similar economic recession. The causes of this recession are similar to what caused the great depression. They include poor monetary policies, over speculation of property, and dubious funding in real estate. As a consequence, savings increased dramatically while expenditure decreased. Ironically, this economic recession has been compared to the great depression (â€Å"Are We Living in a New Gilded Age?† par. 9). Conclusion The Gilded Age, which is synonymous with the late 1870s to the 1890s, has replicated itself in America during the 21st century. A significant point to note is that the Gilded Age paved the way for the progressive era. The progr essive era came with a lot of reforms that were particularly addressing the causes of the Gilded Age.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The same can be inferred from the reforms being proposed by Congress. The Congress is seeking economic and social reforms among others. The occurrences being experienced might just be a repeat of the Gilded Age referred to as the â€Å"New Gilded Age† of the 21st century. Works Cited Are We Living in a New Gilded Age? 2013. Web. This essay on US History Since 1877 was written and submitted by user Layla Russo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Policy Analysis and Ethics

Policy Analysis and Ethics Describe the policy issue then the rational choice process applied in your public agency Policy Issue Formulation and implementation of policies is a very complex and detailed process because of the variables involved. Public policy makers have many variables and alternatives to compare before making up their minds on what policy to formulate and implement. Kingdon simplified the art of public policy making into four stages:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Analysis and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The setting of the agenda; the specification of alternatives from which a choice is to be made; an authoritative choice among those specified alternatives, as in a legislative vote or a presidential decision; and the implementation of the decision. (Kingdon 3) Kingdon argued that the process of policy making entails three processes: â€Å"problems, policies and politics† (16). In the first process, agenda is set when there is a dramatic event that leads to some agenda being set up. More often than not, according to Kingdon, agenda which come up in this manner (through a problem) are often the wrong ones. The manner in which a government acts sometimes is considered not appropriate for a given condition. Another process which defines policy making process is the accumulation of knowledge which in the long run makes inclination of policy towards favoring such knowledge. Lastly, the political processes also affect the setting of the agenda in a significant manner: â€Å"swings of national mood, vagaries of public opinion, elections results, changes of administration, and turnover in Congress all may have powerful effects† (Kingdon 17). In summary, Kingdon pointed out that the three processes -â€Å"problem recognition, generation of policy proposals, and political events† – may turn out to be a thrust or a restraint: As an impetus, items are promoted to highe r agenda prominence, as ‘when a new administration makes possible the emergence of a new battery of proposals. As a constraint, items are prevented from rising on the agenda, as when a budget constraint operates to rule out the emergence of items that are perceived as being too costly. Some items may not arise on the agenda because of the financial cost, the lack of acceptance by the public, the opposition of powerful of interests, or simply because they are less pressing than other items in the competition for attention. (Kingdon 17)Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Rational Choice Process As already discussed above, policy making is a process confronted with many influencing forces. Ways have been formulated to give guidance on which policy is to be formulated. The rational choice process is among the ways which are used to decide on which policy is to be formula ted and implemented (â€Å"Rational choice† par. 1). The rational choice process tends to make the process of policy making one which will bring about changes that are required (Bueno de Mesquita par. 1). In applying this method, values or objectives are clarified. This clarification makes it possible to ensure a policy will address the actual problem it was meant to, in other words, the means of analysis starts from the end: â€Å"first the ends are isolated, then the means to achieve them are sought† (Lindblom 81). The process of analyzing is carried out in a comprehensive manner with every detail that has significance being put into consideration. This method has a heavy reliance on theory (Lindblom 81). Do you see bureaucrats in your office just ‘muddling through’? Public offices more often than not have to deal with conflicting interests. These interests are more pronounced when it comes to policy formulation which affects different parties. The parti es which are to be affected are likely to exert pressure by whichever means to ensure that the policy formulated is such that it benefits a certain party. This kind of influence is often bad as it leads to formulation of policies which are discriminatory in addressing issues which are affecting the general public. Such influences should be countered to ensure that policies are formulated to benefit the general public and not a section of the public. Formulation of policies in my public agency has a fixed procedure that is followed. This procedure is meant to ensure that the process of policy formulation is free from ridicule and above all that the policy is formulated in such a way that it addresses the main problem affecting the general public.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Analysis and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bureaucracy therefore is not an issue in our office. The transparency in our offi ce helps to ensure that all the processes especially on formulation of policies is open to all the public for scrutiny. The agency is also committed to serving all the Californians in the best manner possible. Through processes such as the 3Cs and the 5 Ps, the agency ensures that policy formulation is carried out in a rational manner. In my public agency, there is the standard operating precedence (SOP). This is a procedure which has to be followed in all legislative procedures. This implies that no short cuts can be taken when it is necessary to save on time. SOP makes it hard to make fast decisions in the cases of emergencies or any other situations which require very quick decisions. What code of ethics or accountability mechanisms exists in your public agency? Holders of public offices ought to uphold integrity in the line of duty. Since they are dealing with public wealth and issues which influence the general public, public officials should ensure that their administration is ethical. According to Thompson, administrative ethics has to do with the â€Å"application of moral principles to the conduct of officials in organizations† (Thompson 458), in the context of public offices, â€Å"administrative ethics is a species of political ethics, which applies moral principles to political life more generally† (Thompson 458). Thompson goes ahead to show what moral principles define: The rights and duties that individuals should respect when they act in ways that seriously affect the well-being of other individuals and society; and the conditions that collective practices and policies should satisfy when they similarly affect the well being of individuals and society. (Thompson 458) Thompson further argued that moral principles do not advocate for a particular interested perspective but rather advocates for the interest of every person. It is imperative that when an action is being taken it receives a general acceptance even by those who may have not taken part in the action. There are two challenges to administrative ethics: â€Å"the ethic of neutrality and the ethic of structure† (Thompson 458). According to the ethic of neutrality, administrators are neutral ethically in the sense that they execute the orders that are given to them by their superiors.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is argued that the orders to be executed do not come from the administrators and therefore the administrators are just used as tools hence the need to view them neutrally in the light of ethics. The principle of the ethic of neutrality argues that officials have a duty to serve the organizations they are leading such that those organizations will serve the society in turn. This principle acknowledges the fact that administrators more often than not have to use their judgment when making the policies. However, the administrators always have to make the policies in a manner that is inclined to the philosophies of the superiors. It is further argued that even if an administrator may differ in opinion with her or his superior, once the policy is formulated the administrator will only have the choice of implementing it. The proposals that have been brought up by the principle of the ethic of neutrality however have been confronted by criticism in three aspects. The first argument poin t is that the influence of an administrator in policy formulation is more than just implementing the superiors’ orders. Administrators have the potential of mobilizing huge support for formulation of policies and therefore they can determine the direction of a policy. The second argument is closely related to the third argument. In the second objection, opponents of this principle argue that there are many reasons that make it hard for an administrator to resign such that not resigning would not automatically imply that an administrator is in agreement with the way an organization is run. It is also pointed out against the principle of ethic that if all public officials who are not in agreement with the policies formulated in their organizations are to resign then the nation will experience a great loss of public service. Lastly, the principle of the ethic of neutrality is objected to because of the limitation it imposes on public administrators: obedience or resignation. The second challenge to administrative ethics is the ethic of structure. The ethic of structure advocates for the blame of a wrong committed to be on an organization or the government as a whole. According to this principle, public officials are only liable for the actions that they commit at the level of their own offices. For a person to take up blame then following criteria must be met: â€Å"That the person’s actions or omissions were a cause of the outcome; and that the person did not act in excusable ignorance or under compulsion† (Thompson 463). Are there any additional accountability mechanisms missing to strengthen accountability in your public agency? In my public office, accountability by each member is of a high priority. Each person accorded any responsibility has to take responsibility with a lot of seriousness. All the interns and any other person working at the agency are encouraged to always seek for clarifications and direction from group members or from superiors concerning projects they are carrying out. Every person in the agency is responsible for his or actions. There is free discussion among all the people working in the organization on issues affecting California. The public is at liberty to contact the organization and make suggestions on what they wish to have implemented. The general observation therefore is that the agency is not plagued with the administrative ethics challenges. The rational method of choice should be adopted by the agency to ensure that the process of policy formulation is in line with the public demands. There are other mechanisms which can be used to strengthen accountability in my public agency. One of them is hiring of a private firm to oversee the operations of the agency. In most cases private agencies are neutral and as a result they are likely to carry out their duties without any external influence. Encouraging transparency especially in regard to overtime practices will help to reduce abuse o f overtime provisions. Transparency can also cut across on how public resources are used. For instance, when agency cars are used, for instance, on private missions this should be brought book. Using of public resources for private purposed can be avoided when everything is kept transparent and available for scrutiny by the public eye. This should include the seemingly insignificant issues such as running errands. Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce 2012, Foreign policy analysis and rational choice models. PDF file. Web. Kingdon, John. How Does an Ideas Time Come? Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. New York: Prentice Hall, 1995. Print. Lindblom, Charles. Science of Muddling Through. New York: Prentice Hall, 1959. Print. Mosher, Frederick. Watergate: Implications for Responsible Government. New York: Prentice Hall, 1974. Print. Rational Choice 2012. Web. Thompson, Dennis. The Possibility of Administrative Ethics. New York: Prentice Hall, 1985. Print.

Prohibition Era Timeline

Prohibition Era Timeline The Prohibition era was a period in the United States, lasting from 1920 to 1933, when the production, transportation, and sale of alcohol was outlawed. This period began with the passage of the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and was the culmination of decades of temperance movements. However, the era of Prohibition was not to last very long, for the 18th Amendment was repealed 13 years later with the passage of the 21st Amendment. Fast Facts: Prohibition Description: Prohibition was an era in American history when the production and sale of alcoholic beverages were outlawed by the U.S. Constitution.Key Participants: Prohibition Party, Womans Christian Temperance Union, Anti-Saloon LeagueStart Date: January 17, 1920End Date: December 5, 1933Location: United States Timeline of the Prohibition Era Although Prohibition itself lasted only 13 years, its origins can be traced all the way back to the temperance movements of the early 1800s. Many early advocates of temperance were Protestants who believed alcohol was destroying public health and morality. 1830s The first temperance movements begin advocating abstinence from alcohol. One of the most influential dry groups is the American Temperance Society. 1847 Members of Maines Total Abstinence Society convince the state government to pass the Fifteen Gallon Law, the first prohibition law. The legislation banned the sale of alcohol in amounts smaller than 15 gallons, effectively limiting access to alcohol to the wealthy. 1851 Maine passes the Maine law, banning the production and sale of alcohol. The law includes an exception for medicinal uses. 1855 By 1855, 12 other states have joined Maine in banning the production and sale of alcoholic beverages. Political tensions began to grow between the dry and wet states. 1869 The National Prohibition Party is founded. In addition to temperance, the group promotes a variety of social reforms popular with progressives of the 19th century. Topical Press Agency  / Getty Images 1873 The Womans Christian Temperance Union is founded. The group argues that banning alcohol will help reduce spousal abuse and other domestic problems. Later, the WCTU will focus on other social issues, including public health and prostitution, and will work to promote womens suffrage. 1881 Kansas becomes the first U.S. state to make prohibition part of its state Constitution. Activists try to enforce the law using a number of different techniques. The most peaceful demonstrate outside saloons; others attempt to interfere with business and destroy bottles of liquor. 1893 The Anti-Saloon League is formed in Oberlin, Ohio. Within two years, the group becomes an influential national organization lobbying for prohibition. Today, the group survives as the American Council on Alcohol Problems. 1917 December 18: The U.S. Senate passes the Volstead Act, one of the first significant steps toward the passage of the 18th Amendment. The law- also known as the National Prohibition Act- prohibits intoxicating beverages (any drink containing more than 0.5 percent alcohol). 1919 January 16: The 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified by 36 states. Although the amendment bans the production, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages, it does not actually outlaw their consumption. October 28: The U.S. Congress passes the Volstead Act and establishes guidelines for the enforcement of prohibition. The law goes into effect on January 17, 1920. New York Times Co.  / Getty Images 1920s With the passage of Prohibition, a large black market develops around the country. The darker side includes gangs of bootleggers led by figures such as Al Capone, the boss of an organized crime syndicate in Chicago. 1929 Prohibition agent Elliot Ness begins in earnest to tackle violators of Prohibition, including Al Capones gang in Chicago. It is a difficult task; Capone will ultimately be arrested and prosecuted for tax evasion in 1931. 1932 August 11: Herbert Hoover gives an acceptance speech for the Republican presidential nomination in which he discusses the ills of Prohibition and the need for its end. PhotoQuest  / Getty Images 1933 March 23: Newly elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Cullen-Harrison Act, which legalizes the manufacture and sale of certain alcoholic products. Support for Prohibition continues to wane, and many call for its removal. 1933 February 20: The U.S. Congress proposes an amendment to the Constitution that would end Prohibition. December 5: Prohibition is officially repealed by the passage of the 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Factors an Organization Needs To Consider When Developing a Global Assignment - 1

Factors an Organization Needs To Consider When Developing a Global Staffing Strategy - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that the global staffing strategy would incorporate the perspectives of the people as to how they view the entire working mechanism of the world and what the different nations bring to the fore with their respective working realms Hence creating and eventually developing a global staffing strategy is a Herculean task if seen within the proper scheme of things as it cultivates a sense of trust and empathy within the region where the headquarters are located. The expatriates working within the different nations of the world is an enticing opportunity for the staffing avenues that have shaped up with the passage of time. The global staffing strategy with regards to these expatriates gets its basis from the management hierarchies which are present within the organization itself. It is their decision to find out how the organization will have its own staff situated at the different locations worldwide, where it exists to satisfy the varied customers. What is interes ting to note here is the fact that these people who are recruited could either be from the locations where the office domains have been set up or recruited from the headquarters themselves. The need is to select and hire people who understand the dictum of the organization more than anything else, and this can only be done through an understanding which is based on the collective understanding of the global staffing strategy which has been in place now for some amount of time. If the right people get hired at the different locations where the business is run, this would mean that the entire organization would benefit as a result of the same. However, if this is not the case, then the global staffing strategy would implicate to a failure without a doubt, and this would mean that the recruiting issues have not been resolved in an amicable fashion. The role of the human resources management departments within the headquarters and the separate locations all around the world are signific antly more so because they perform tasks which could be easily replicated across the board if proper vision and a sense of purpose exist. If there is a lack of such visionary elements, then this would suggest for a lack of comprehension on the part of the global staffing strategy that has been adopted by the organization.

History of the European Theatre Art Research Paper

History of the European Theatre Art - Research Paper Example The history of the development of theatre performances in Europe can be traced back alongside the Greek history, which began around 700 B.C. The Greece had numerous festivals in honour of their gods such as Dionysus in whose honour; the festival of the city Dionysia was performed. People involved themselves in revelry during these times while the festivities of the whole occasion were always led by drunkards who would hide their identities by wearing goatskins as they performed. These ceremonies were usually flowered with fierce competitions from the different Greek communities in attendance and the winning communities would always enjoy the honour of being crowned the winners of the festivals. Most plays that were presented during this time in Greek were majorly tragic- comedies that were based on love and romance as viewed in the context of the people of that time, the term ‘tragedy’ originated from the Greek name for ‘goat skin’ that were worn during thes e performances. Collin notes that most of theses plays owed their main thematic origins from the Greek mythologies and the histories about the human personal life and expressed man’s quest to relate the meaning of life and the nature of their gods. Their performances followed a specific format whereby they were usually accompanied by songs introducing a period of paradox, the time during which the characters were introduced, the mood for the plays set in the minds of the viewers and the expositions made concerning the nature of the plays. Some of the very common plays that were performed during this time in the Greek theatres include Sophocles and Euripedes that were common in the fifth century performances. A Writer such as Aeschylus, a performer at shows in Dionysia at around 499 B.C., was among the first writers of this kind and whose writings are among the oldest in the Greek history of theatre arts. Others include Sophocles with his famous works such as Antigone Electra and the Oedipus Rex. Aeschylus (525- 456 B.C) and Sophocles (496- 406 B.C) added major contributions into the Greek theatre by introducing the second and the third actors to the stage respectively. Moreover, they led to the improvement of the quality of the songs and increasing the number of singers on stage thus giving theatre performances a more realistic dimension and giving the viewers what they liked most (Brockett 2003). The new dimension had more impact on the viewers as

Sisterly Love Essay Example for Free

Sisterly Love Essay In Bernhard Frank’s literary criticism, â€Å"Sophocles’ Antigone†, he presents the reader with elements of questionable motive and incest, not readily seen by most. Frank essentially believes that Antigone’s obvious death wish comes from being the â€Å"ill-fated bride† (line 801) not of Haemon, but rather, of her deceased brother, Polyneices. Frank says that, â€Å"it is as the bride of her slain brother that Antigone may see herself† (Frank, pg1). Frank uses Antigone’s indifference to Haemon and excessive love of her brother as support for his argument. Frank suggests that it would be reasonable to expect Antigone to want to live to become the bride of Haemon. He says it would also be reasonable to expect Antigone to wish for death if she were the intended bride for Polyneices. Frank goes even further with his incest theory in implying that Antigone has incestuous feelings for her sister, Ismene. He mentions that the chorus in the play compares Antigone to her father, â€Å"the violent daughter of a violent father† (line 430) and that Creon says, â€Å"if she triumphs / and goes unpunished, I am no man- she is† (lines 439-440). Franks believes that Oedipus had inappropriate affections for his daughters and that Antigone, like her father allegedly did, has an excessive love for Ismene. Frank points out, that in the end when Ismene offers her support, Antigone turns her down and taunts her as one may do a jilted lover. Frank feels that since Ismene has betrayed her, Antigone is all the more ready to join her brother in d eath. This is a fairly well written article. Frank uses a few specific examples and quotes that make his argument understandable, possibly even believable. However, his is use of terms such as â€Å"may† and â€Å"could†, make the reader question his ownership of this theory. It appears that he is asking the reader to just consider his line of thinking, rather than really persuading the reader to believe as he does. So while Frank’s argument is certainly interesting, and will likely cause a reader to pause and consider his theory, it is not likely to win many over. He only offers a few examples of why he feels as he does, and these examples could easily be interpreted differently. Antigone’s indifference to her betrothed is not necessarily indicative of her incestuous love of her brother, but only of her lack of real love for Haemon. Just because she was supposed to marry him, does not mean that she wanted to. She was ashamed and afraid of the curse put on her family, and wanted to escape that. Marrying her cousin/uncle was certainly not the way to end the family curse. Antigone’s treatment of her sister Ismene, is not that of a jilted lover, as Frank suggests, but just the hurt and anger that her sister did not choose to help her in the first place. She didn’t want to share the glory that the gods would certainly bestow upon her with her undeserving sister. This was an instance of sibling rivalry, and Antigone was acting as a spoiled child, but not a jilted lover. Frank’s argument that Antigone being like her father is evidence that she had incestuous feelings for her siblings is ridiculous. While Oedipus did commit incest with his mother, he did not know she was his mother when he married her. Antigone has known her siblings her entire life, and is very clear that she fears the family curse set in motion by her father, and wants to be out from under it. Antigone may be strong willed like her father, and may even have some masculine characteristics, for that time period (strong women today are not considered masculine), but that does not equal incest. Frank’s theory is certainly interesting, worth considering and definitely basis for discussion. However, there just isn’t enough evidence to back him up, and the evidence he does have is circumstantial at best. Works Cited Frank, Bernhard. â€Å"Sophocles’ Antigone†. Explicator 56.4 (1998): 170. Literary Reference Center Plus. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. Sophocles. â€Å"Antigone†. Trans. David Grene. The Norton Introduction to Literature. Eds. Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays. 10th ed. New York: Norton, 2010. Print. 1493.

Little Red Riding Hood Analysis Essay -- Fairytale Literary Analysis

Little Red Riding Hood can no longer be considered a frail child without any control over what becomes of herself. Instead, Angela Carter makes the moral of this traditional fairytale into a modern day lesson: you can do anything. With great detail does Carter present her setting, which adds to the fearfulness the reader feels for Red as she encounters the wolf. As a result, we begin to fear the wolves as well, because in this small village wolves are more than mere beasts, they are were-wolves. Carter sets the scene for our pre-adult heroine who is afraid of nothing even though the whole town is ripe with fear. Women and children are taught to stay indoors at night while the men fear for their own humanity. Despite all of this Little Red Riding Hood has no qualms about setting off into the woods to get to grandma’s house. Why does she not fear what all girls do? Based off the feministic elements, the act of sacrifice and applying our own abilities to a situation we understand much more about Red than before. â€Å"It is a tale of girl becoming . . . more than just meat or nourishment for the quest.† states Wendy Swyt about Carters version of Little Red. The idea that Little Red knew what she was giving up in order to gain her life gives a chilling realism to difficult decisions we must face in our own lives. Swyt gives the understanding that Little Red has something to teach us yes, but maybe for Carter that lesson surely is not ‘don’t talk to strangers’. In fact, I argue Carter wants us to, because only in this way can we prove ourselves. In Girard’s â€Å"Violence and the Sacred†, violence and the act of sacrifice is a way for society to be kept in balance. Not only is Little Red a victim, so are the were-wolves in this story. Specifi... ...d the ability to manipulate, the situation one can turn a bad situation into one that need not be feared. Works Cited Carter, Angela. â€Å"The Company of Wolves.† The Bloody Chamber. Penguin Books. New York: 1979. Pages 110 – 118 Girard Rene. Violence and the Sacred. Excerpt from Chapter One: â€Å"Sacrifice†. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore Maryland 1977. Pages 2-16 Swyt, Wendy. "'Wolfings': Angela Carter's becoming-narrative." Studies in Short Fiction 33.3 (1996): 315+. Literature Resource Center. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. Zipes, Jack. "The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood." The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood. Routledge, 1993. 17-88. Rpt. in Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800. Ed. Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 56. Detroit: Gale Group, 2000. Literature Resource Center. Web. 29 NOV. 2010.

Biblical Counseling

In the field of counselling, the primary considerations that those in the field who are practicing directly or indirectly have something to do with the previously held belief system, or the worldview or philosophy behind the notion of human behaviour. This goes to say that one who ventures into the business of healing and curing emotions and psychological problems must get into a thorough understanding of his/her personal approach to the study of human behaviour.The counselor seeks to explain human nature, the issue of sin or prbably emphasizing or reducing the Scriptural mandate and God’s verdict (whichever side he/she is on), and which eventually dictates intervention strategies, if any. The basic counselling idea common to or held by most psychologists increases the likelihood that the biblical understanding can be very challenging to get into, much less, practice. It is even bold as to say that counselling in whatever front is basically â€Å"religious† in nature be cause in the end, what is upheld or emphasized by the counselor expresses deep-rooted philosophy or religious beliefs.The paper’s assumption then is to provide an impetus that â€Å"sells† biblical counselling as superior, efficacious, and more attractive than the psychology models touted today. It tackles the presuppositions of both psychology and biblical counselling and the arguments in each of the specific aspects that are recognizable as valid or invalid. Discussion Counseling in the field of psychology and biblical counselling At best, psychology prefers to integrate counselling from biblical perspective as well as blend these with what is categorized as empirically tested techniques posited by psychologists.The basic way of doing the â€Å"amalgamation† or integration is that the Christian worldview takes precedence over the rest of the approaches. Although many of the concepts and premises of each theory mentioned are sound and at times efficacious, when it clashes with the faith-based theory, the former must give way to the latter. Interpreting a problem that a client suffers for instance, entails that the theoretical viewpoint that a practitioner is convinced with, expressly has better chances of properly understanding the maladjustments that the client had been suffering.To come up with the balanced worldview (an integration in other words), the balance between the realms mentioned, including the true frame of human individuals and the true nature of God (or theology) are properly considered. Thoroughly accepting the fact that there is no contest between the natural and the spiritual; only that troubles arise when one realm is overemphasized at the expense of another. This thin line or slight tension between the two levels is best expressed in the personhood of Jesus Christ, who was a perfect man as well as God.If a person starts to equate one self and others with that notion (which is usually happening) and he/she starts to thi nk that he/she is balanced, then this person surely lacks understanding or real self-awareness of the fact that he/she is deeply and seriously out of balance and this is one reason why he/she needs help. Christian counseling admittedly embraces in reality, a basic integration of the biblical precepts on the view of man and psychology’s scientific breakthroughs in addressing the dilemmas that beset human individuals.Depending on the persuasion of the practitioner, especially whether he or she comes from either the purely theological or â€Å"secular† preparation, Christian counseling can either lean to certain degrees of theology or psychology. According to Larry Crabb, â€Å"If psychology offers insights which will sharpen our counseling skills and increase our effectiveness, we want to know them. If all problems are at core spiritual matters we don’t want to neglect the critically necessary resources available through the Lord by a wrong emphasis on psychologi cal theory† (Crabb in Anderson et al, 2000).Dr. Crabb’s position certainly ensures that science in particular, has its place in counseling in as much as theology does. He made sure that all means are addressed as the counselor approaches his profession, especially in the actual conduction of both the diagnostic and therapeutic or intervention phases (Crabb in Anderson et al. , 2000). Trauma inducing and crisis triggering situations have spiraled its occurrence and in its primacy in the US and in many other countries in recent years.Its broad spectrum ranges from the national disaster category such as that of Hurricane Katrina or the 911 terrorist strikes in New York, Spain and England, to private instances such as a loved one’s attempt at suicide, the murder of a spouse or child, the beginning of mental illness, and the worsening situation of domestic violence (Teller et al, 2006). The acute crisis episode is a consequence of people who experience life-threatenin g events and feel overwhelmed with difficulty resolving the inner conflicts or anxiety that threaten their lives.They seek the help of counselors, paramedics and other health workers in crisis intervention centers to tide them over the acute episodes they are encountering. These are defining moments for people and must be adequately addressed else they lead lives with dysfunctional conduct patterns or disorders (Roberts et al, 2006). In the integrated or eclectic approach the goal of the therapy is not just relief to the patient or client. Although an immediate relief is very helpful, this may not always be the case in most illnesses.The goal as mentioned in the preceding pages is to provide long-term reduction of the symptoms and the occurrence of the disease altogether if possible. The management then is not impossible but neither is this easy. Specifically, the counselee or patient must want to heal or believe that there is going to be curative effects in the process. It presuppo ses that he/she must learn to trust the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in leading or facilitating the changes or modifications.It is very much essential that (in the perspective of a cognitive-behaviorist) that the client understands ownership to the deeds and choices in thought patterns he/she made are crucial to the recurring or occurring condition that s/he experiences (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). Basic Biblical Counseling Premises: †¢ View of human nature from psychological viewpoint Personality is more than poise, charm, or physical appearance. It includes habits, attitudes, and all the physical, emotional, social, religious and moral aspects that a person possesses.However, to be more precise, the explicit behavioral styles, perhaps, best captivate an individual’s personality and how he/she is understood. With the different behavioral styles, an overall pattern of various characteristics is seen. Like a â€Å"psychograph,† a personâ₠¬â„¢s profile is pulled together and at a glance, the individual can be compared with other people in terms of relative strengths and weaknesses (Corey 2005). Psychologists recognize there is often a fine line between mental health and mental illness. For them, it is important to understand that mental illnesses vary in their severity.For example, many adolescents suffered from various levels of anxiety or depression. Others have suffered from serious mental disorders with biological origins. Education about the adolescents` mental illness is vital for those with mental health problems as well as for the adolescents` friends and family (Corey 2005). The major force or forces responsible for the origin and development of an individual’s personality is best understood in the different perspectives. In the cognitive approach alone, it understands that an individual at varying times in his life has error-filled thinking patterns.These patterns may include wishful thinking, unreal istic expectations, constant reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing. These habits lead to confusion, frustration and eventual constant disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview: a viewpoint that takes into consideration that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always left with no choice as many people think.It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had bad choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future. Cognitive-Behavioral approach â€Å"facilitates a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist† (Ellis & Beck in Corey, 2004). For the Cognitive Behaviorist viewpoint, issues are dealt directly in a practical way. Here the client is enlightened as to the patterns of his thinking and the errors of these thou ghts which bore fruit in his attitudes and behavior.His/her thoughts and beliefs have connections on his/her behavior and must therefore be â€Å"reorganized. † For instance, the ways that a client looks at an issue of his/her life will direct the path of his reactivity to the issue. When corrected at this level, the behavior follows automatically (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). The systems theory portion of the therapy indicates that whatever is occurring or happening is not isolated but is a working part of a bigger context.In the family systems approach then, no individual person can be understood when removed from his relationships whether in the present or past, and this is specially focused on the family he belongs to (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). The Existential approach, as put forward by Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger, Rollo May, and Frankl, believes that the individual’s potential may lie dormant but that it is there waiting to be ushered in time.It recognizes that man is able to achieve great heights and that these are just waiting to be tapped not only by him/herself but that also when helped by a practitioner who is persuaded of this notion. It examines such major issues as free will and the challenges of exercising this free will, the issue of mortality, loneliness and in general, the meaning of life. That Cognitive-Behavioral, Existential, humanistic & Family Systems eclectic approach primarily involves the incorporation of distinct concepts within a single framework. †¢ Human Suffering I. Origin of SufferingSuffering is one of the symptoms of this life’s abnormality. If not for the revelation found in the Bible, there would be no other option but to accept the state of affairs in life as it is. This means that since suffering has been a part of the history of humanity, it has to be accepted as part and parcel of a normal life. However, looking at it in a biblical perspective, although suf fering is part of the human existence in this world, the fact of the matter is: it has not always been a part of life. It came into the picture only after the fall of the first couple – Adam and Eve.The Bible is clear about this, as stated in Romans 5:12 and in many other passages found in the Holy Writ. This biblical truth is important, foundational, and essential in dealing with many questions regarding suffering – and in particular, as philanthropists and charitable organizations endeavor to alleviate suffering on the children of Africa. Presently, the bleak outlook being presented pertaining to African children today are presented in two potentially devastating outcomes which might happen as results of the already destructive current crisis. The first one is the prospect (according to researchers) of death by the millions.An organization which aims to help the suffering children of Africa has estimated that by the year 2025, an estimated number of people as enormou s as 85 million may die because HIV/AIDS crisis (Blake, 2006). Second is, the inevitable outcome which will take place as the direct result of the first – children being orphaned because of the projected genocidal death toll at 2025. The same organization calculated that on that same year, 55 million children might have been orphans already. Nations and governments and charitable organizations have been mobilized ever since to help these human disasters and all of the possible ramifications.Although, evil as it manifests in many forms in life has been here already for centuries, and perhaps, as early as recorded histories could recall, the current crisis of AIDS in African continent is the most recent form of lashing. It has to be noted, lest the focus gets sidetracked to different issues which are at best symptoms of the real disease, that all of the troubles that have been pestering the existence of man on this planet are just necessary effects of sin and rebellion against God.It is to be noted though that it is never the intention of this paper to aggravate the sufferings of African people by putting the blame on them or by making them feel worse than what they are now. As was stated early on, at the heart of this thesis is the objective to help by elucidating on the true predicament of man’s existence by pointing out that which is biblical, or the biblical diagnosis on things. It really helps and better prepares the sick person to face his/her true condition by first properly diagnosing the illness.It doesn’t help if the mind continues to be in a state of uncertainty and fear because it is sure of something which could be fatal. Also, it will not help keeping the real problem under the sheets, all along hoping that it will just leave by itself, because it will not. And so, the Bible is crucially significant in addressing the issue of evil and suffering. 1. ) Death Came As A Result Of Sin. Nothing threatens the prospect of a good life t han the possibility of an imminent death.A positive vista of life – happy family, burgeoning business, and flourishing career – is easily clouded by fear when suddenly something final as death comes into the scene. Death is seen as the ultimate because it can put a period on the otherwise happy and full of promise subsistence. One theologian explained the statement of Apostle Paul in Romans 5:12 in a way that points to sin as the real culprit why there are pain, sickness, and weakness in man’s physical body. He said, in effect that, had it not been for Adam’s sin there would be no sickness in the world in the first place.Remember that death is the maturity of weakness and sickness in the body. All illnesses lead to eventual death. What the Bible is telling us about sickness, weakness, and any form of suffering endured in the body – whether mental or physical suffering – result inevitably to physical death. And the reality of death in this li fe was occasioned by the original sin of the first couple, Adam and Eve. Succeeding, generations after the first couple of humans, inherited sin as well as its product – death (Duffield and Van Cleave, 1987). It is also important to note that sin not only occasioned death, but it is its necessary outcome.The unanimous observation of many students of the Bible based on the narrative accounts as well as how it is described in certain passages of biblical books is that death is spiritual as also it is physical. The first time it hits humans, the first and immediate effect was spiritual in that it did not resulted in the first couple’s physical death. This spiritual death is actually more devastating than physical death because it altered everything within the human frame that it has set into motion a strong pull towards wrong directions.First, it separated man from God. It is the reason why man cannot respond to the things of God. As a dead body has no capacity for any re sponses to its surrounding whatsoever because it is dead, so is a man who is physically alive but is spiritually dead. A person who is spiritually dead does not and cannot respond to God and the things of God. As one preacher said when told by a cynic among his audience that he doesn’t feel the burden of sin in his life like what the preacher was trying to convey in his message.To that, the preacher wisely answered, â€Å"As a dead couldn’t feel a ton of garbage when placed on that body, so is the burden of sin to a spiritually dead person. † That’s why when Apostle Paul elaborated to the Romans the depravity of man, he zoomed in to the fact that at present, because humanity has chosen to abandon God – and the proof of it has affected all aspects of the human existence – God also had to leave humanity alone in its decision to leave the reality of God out of its thoughts and actions. The whole scenario is sobering especially when the Biblical perspective on this is considered.It’s very easy and normal to leave God out of the picture, and it’s actually what people want essentially as it is looked at face value. Man has effectively abandoned God and has erased any traces of Him from the very start – from the birth of a baby in a home where belief in God is optional at best, and as that baby developed into childhood, and as that child was reared in school (if opportunities for schooling was ever available, primary to college education), and eventually released to live life independently as an adult in a society whose culture ever since was godless.And the cycle goes on and on like a permanent process. Now, again, as pointed out early in this paper, all of these not so promising state of affairs can be tracked down back to Eden where life turned into a sudden shift (McArthur, 2008). Where there is spiritual death, the prospect of life is anything but imperfect and flawed everywhere. The original order o f things has been altered, and it’s not human species alone that has been terribly affected by the Fall; the whole creation has been â€Å"groaning† ever since (Rom. 8:22). 2.) Man’s Separation From God Precipitated Suffering. The first manifestations of humanity’s misery were quickly evident right after Adam and Eve violated God’s word to them. They, right then and there, realized their nakedness which before was not a cause of shame for them. What previously for them was just normal, and did not pose a problem, now they have trouble keeping it the way it was. They must cover their nakedness, and they must hide and keep themselves at a distance – where they feel somehow hidden – from God (Gen. 3:7-9).The fact that society disregards the reality of God in its system highlights the reality of spiritual separation. The cause for many of the troubles that history has witnessed since time immemorial was man’s broken relationship wi th its Creator. It has been the reason from the start, and it still is until now. God spoke through Prophet Isaiah, that it was man’s sin which has actually separated man from God (Isa. 59:2). Left alone, man naturally would not choose God, much less, His righteous ways as revealed by Him in the Bible.Contrary to what have been suggested by many considered pundits of humanities, and sadly, by many church denominations through what has been now known as the â€Å"seeker-sensitive† approach in church’s services, man is not naturally inclined to seek God and the things of the Spirit of God. And so, under this cursed condition, it is not supposed to surprise anybody who have searched and found in the Holy Scriptures that the world is in its current troubled state. There’s actually spiritual anarchy where every one is a rule unto himself. Every one does what he/she deems good in his/her perception of things.If it feels good, then probably, it is good. This is how man is running his life, and it translates into the overall landscape of society. Man sets the trend. What had been considered â€Å"wicked† of the past generation, if it is now palatable to the senses, and hence, has been slowly swallowed and embraced as â€Å"acceptable† by the media and the general public, it becomes legal and normatively harmless. Therefore, in Paul’s words, God in turn has abandoned man in his choice of abandoning the knowledge of his Creator. This is, to a large degree, the reason for many troubles and sufferings that nations and people have been seeing.If the Bible is true – and it is this paper’s contention that it is the true truth – then the unrestrained freedom and lifestyles which seem to describe the earth’s populace for a long period of time now, is actually a judgment of God. A preacher once answered those who cast all the blame on God in the wake of 911 tragedy in these words: â€Å"We have done a ll we could, and effectively, we got God out of our schools and government institutions, and now we are asking where He is in all of these? † The application of Scripture to human dilemma and the likeThe portion of Scripture where Jesus â€Å"You have heard that it was said to those of old,† making it appear that his statements seem to abrogate the laws in the Old Testament replacing them with his â€Å"new more authoritative† teachings is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of Jesus’ true intentions. Jesus was actually bringing back the true message of the Old Testament Law which was made vague by mere traditions of men and their own hazy and humanistic understanding. The Lord was pointing out to His audience the glosses that were made on Mosaic laws which made the ancient commands with minimal effectivity or worse, no efficacy.Jesus’ example and the Pharisees’ are insights that can be gleaned with emphasis on the application of princip les of the Scriptures. A Christian easily becomes a legalist when his/her understanding of the Scriptures, like the Pharisees, is not based on the Scriptures’ intended application. There is only the possibility of communicating the proper boundaries within the set limits of the Scriptures when a Christian has grasped its clear and full implications (Clarke, 2001, Power Bible CD).In the New Testament especially in the celebrated Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 5-7), Jesus usually referred to Himself as the authority. His declarations were not prefaced with â€Å"Thus says the Lord. † To His disciples, He says â€Å"You have heard that it was said to those of old. . . but I say to you. . . .† This clearly points to the authority on Jesus. This does not mean though that Jesus was subverting the authority of God, for He Himself was God in the flesh (Jn. 1:1-3,14); He was the second Person of the Trinity manifested in the flesh.One of the things that He was pointing out a mong others was the fact that the Pharisees of His day were in grave error following the traditions of their elders, and in this particular case, in their interpretation of many scriptures. Hence, He said, â€Å"You have heard it was said. . . but now I say to you. . . .† The apostles after Him followed suit. In all of their letters they derived authority from the words of Jesus. Their letters, to put it simply, were just elaborations of Christ’s teachings (Riggs, 2nd Ed. ) ConclusionEmbracing a more Biblical approach, becoming less philosophical and laden with such themes as the absoluteness of God’s sovereignty, the world’s being under God’s righteous judgment, God’s initiative in revealing Himself and His redemptive plan in Jesus Christ, are the essential â€Å"tools† that a Biblical counselor must possess in order to present the true condition of men and persuade him/her to change. The following characteristics then must be inculc ated in a Biblical counselor 1. ) Lofty View of Holy Scriptures.This is to uphold the conviction of the reformers about the Word of God and endeavor to clarify any theological subjects in the light of the revelation that is in the Bible. Like many effective pastors or counselors, the Bible alone is authoritative for life in general. It is the rule of faith for Christians, like a solid and strong immovable post in a pier where the anchor of the ship is fastened securely. The Word of God is the object of the Christians’ faith. It’s not of course a matter of God versus His Word. The entire Holy Scriptures derived its authority from God.But since it was God who spoke them, Scriptures therefore are without question normative and authoritative. The Scriptures are the touchstone on which all so-called traditions, existential experiences, and reasonings must be tested. When any of these are found contrary to God’s revealed will in the Scriptures, they can be discarded w ithout any scruple for the true church of Christ. According to Barth (McCormack, 1995), to interpret and apply the Bible properly, one must observe certain basic rules. And one of the basics is that the interpreter must subject himself/herself to the authority of the Bible.What is the central theme of the passage? What is its subject matter? The reader then has to subordinate his thoughts and his personal convictions to the revelation that God has provided for us in His Word – the Bible. In fact, the ultimate goal of the counselor is to develop and establish the â€Å"counselee† for a dependence on God’s word. The reader’s humble subjection of self to the wisdom of the Scriptures was his exercise of freedom. The result of this continual subordination is transformation. The interpreter is being transformed in the process of grasping what God has revealed.2. ) Dynamic Application of Biblical Truths. To be reverent and true to Biblical revelation, one needs not to confine himself to the lingo of the ancient cultures through which the Biblical narratives and the actual words of the prophets were written. The reader and interpreter can speak the ideas conveyed through ancient cultures in contemporary ways. It’s not insubordination to teach the Bible thus. In fact, it’s the whole point of hermeneutics – to bridge the wide cultural gap. To be unimaginative in one’s handling of the Scriptures is tantamount to parroting mere words.There has to be fresh application if there will be change. Lack of imagination is sometimes proof of not being influenced or shaped by the ideas read. Readers have to engage and interact mentally with the passages of the Bible so that a fruitful meditation would express itself in lively and engaging discourse. 3. ) Christocentric (Christ-Centered). Jesus Christ is the primary theme of the whole Scriptures. It has been mentioned above that to Barth’s high view of the Bible, it was necessary for the interpreter to subordinate him/herself to particular text’s subject.And since, Jesus Christ is the central theme of the Bible, it is necessary to interpret Biblical passages in the light of His person. Jesus Christ is the unifying subject in all of the books of the Bible. But looking at Luke 24:27-45, and realizing that it was Jesus Himself who first advocated this methodology, it thus comes as a necessity to find the Christ in every passage of Biblical books; or at the least, sense a foreshadowing (in the Old Testament) of His coming redemptive sacrifice. Jesus alone can give unity among scriptural texts. 4. ) Passage-Based Interpretation.Karl Barth (McCormack, 1995) believes that although interpreters often bring with them their presuppositions as they approach the text, the mistake of using the Biblical text as vehicle to transmit one’s belief, can be avoided through the interpreter’s direct encounter with the objective truth as found in the biblical passage. The real meaning or intention of the author of the text is objectively separated from the interpreter. And so, to properly apply exegetical work on the passage, a serious examination of historical background, and serious study of the text’s linguistic composition must be considered thoroughly.5. ) Bound By True Church’s Essential and Classic Teachings. Like Apostle Paul, a counselor then must also believe that s/he is just a recipient of essential Christian teachings (1 Cor. 11:23-26). It would be sinful for him/her to doubt nor innovate on established biblical truths. Reference: Atkinson, R. L. , R. C. Atkinson, E. E Smith, D. J. Bem, and S. Nolen-Hoeksema (2000). Introduction to Psychology. 13th Ed. New York: Harcourt College Publishers. Clarke, Adam (2001). Commentary to Matthew. Power Bible CD. Corey, Gerald (2004).Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Thomson Learning, USA. Corey, Gerald (200). The Art of Integrative Counseling. A rticle 29: â€Å"Designing an Integrative Approach to Counseling Practice† Retrieved February 20, 2009 in < http://counselingoutfitters. com/vistas/vistas04/29. pdf> Crabb, Larry (2000). Found in Anderson et al resource. Christ-centered therapy. http://books. google. com/books? id=Rn- f2zL01ZwC&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=effective+biblical+counseling+by+larry+crabb +critique&source=web&ots=WFVYLIqP1n&sig=MqIhqE_XfGzIQODAKV5iMPjqz14# PPA19,M1Davison, Gerald C. and John M. Neale (2001). Abnormal Psychology. Eighth ed. John & Wiley Sons, Inc. Ellis, Albert (2001. Overcoming Destructive Beliefs, Feelings, and Behaviors: New Directions for Rational E)motive Behavior Therapy. Prometheus Books Kaplan, HI, BJ Saddock and JA Grebb (1994). Kaplan and Saddock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences clinical psychiatry. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. MacArthur, John (2008). Abandoned By God. Date Accessed: February 19, 2009. http://www. gty. org/Resources/Transcripts/45-14 McCorm ack, Bruce L. (1995).Karl Barth’s Critically Realistic Dialectical Theology. Published by Oxford University Press Inc. , New York. Pokrifka-Joe, Todd (2002). Appropriating Karl Barth's Theological Use of Scripture in Contemporary Theology. Proposed Doctoral Thesis in Theology at the University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK. Date Accessed: February 17, 2009 at http://www. luthersem. edu/ctrf/Papers/2001_Pokrifka-Joe. htm Riggs, Ralph. The Life of Christ. 2nd ed. Scripture Quotations from New King James Bible (The Holy Bible, New King James Version. 1982). Thomas Nelson, Inc.

Booker T vs Washington

Booker T Washington and W. E. B Du Bois offered different strategies for dealing with the problems of poverty and discrimination faced by black Americans at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. By using my knowledge of the documents and my knowledge of the period 1877-1915, I was able to asses the appropriateness of each of the strategies in the historical context in which it was developed. I came to the conclusion that Booker T Washington’s strategy was more appropriate for the time period 1877-1915 then was W. E. B Du Bois’ strategy. A summarization of Booker T Washington’s strategy presented in The Atlanta Compromise Address or â€Å"Document D† would be to say that he wanted all black Americans to learn trades. He wanted them to pass on those skills, and use those skills so their families could have a better life. â€Å"Cast down your bucket where you are†¦while doing this you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and un resentful people that the world has seen. †-Document D. This excerpt from the document basically says that when we are taught a specific trade and teach it to our families, they can in turn be successful and live good lives in the future. Because of you learning this skill and in turn teaching it to your family, they will be better off. A summarization of W. E. B Du Bois strategy can be described as ceaseless agitation stated in â€Å"The Niagara Movement†- â€Å"The Niagara Movement proposes to gain these ends†¦. If we expect to gain our rights by nerveless acquiescence in wrong, then we expect to do what no other nation ever did. What must we do then? We must complain. Yes, plain, blunt complain, ceaseless agitation, unfailing exposure of dishonesty and wrong- this is the ancient, unerring way to liberty, and we must follow it. †-Document F I disagree with his strategy for the period 1877-1915 for he only thought about a small number of the black race, the top ten percent. He was going to send them to Harvard and some how they were going to become the intelligence for the black race as a whole. This also appoints only specific figures as a mini government of the black race. Mainly in Booker T Washington’s proposal, it just seems as if he included the whole race as opposed to W. E. B’s proposal pertaining to only a small select few. By looking at the â€Å"School Enrollment Graph† in Document A, it seems as if the W. E. B strategy would have a better chance of working in a later time period. In the time period of 1877-1915, there really were not a lot of black Americans enrolled in school. The rate does rise; showing that after 1915 there would be a much better chance of any percent of Black Americans getting into college. I can also be seen in Document B-â€Å"Illiteracy by Race†, that Black people were becoming more and more literate, allowing them to thus go to college. It appears that in the ladder of the time period we are discussing, that there is a much larger opportunity for black Americans to go to college and progress while there, than there is a chance for them to go to go to college in the beginning of the time period being discussed. Another reason it seems the Booker T Washington’s way is more appropriate is because it worked. By looking at Document C- â€Å"Lynchings by Race†, the amounts of black lynchings were becoming more and scarcer. This is perceived by me in a number of ways. First off, black Americans were learning skills now by the way of Booker T, and were not only becoming smarter, but they were becoming more important to other persons. Their skills were needed by others which not only gave people a reason not to lynch them, but it also introduced many people to more black Americans, thus putting a personal perspective of actually knowing someone. A person would much rather lynch someone that they did not know personally, than someone that they get potatoes from. In Document G, Booker T is praised by T. Thomas Fortune, a black activist and newspaper editor who writes about BTW in the nationally circulated black periodical, â€Å"Christian Recorder. He is spoken of as a man whose value is impossible to estimate. His work involving Tuskegee College is hailed for having 400 students, great teachers, splendid farm equipments, stock-raising, fruit culture, laundry work, practical housekeeping, blacksmithing, wheelwrighting, carpentering, and more, all this while a normal school system is maintained. â€Å"No time is wasted on dead languages or superfluous studies of any kind. What is practical, what will best fit these young people for the work of life, and that is taught, and is aimed at. This shows that his approach was actually working and this is evidence enough for me to say that I believe by using my knowledge of the documents and my knowledge of the period 1877-1915, I was able to asses the appropriateness of each of the strategies in the historical context in which it was developed. W. E. B just might have been a little before his time with his views. Maybe later when the literacy rate would be higher and more black Americans were being accepted to college, his idea could have worked, but there would be many smart and skilled black Americans all from the concept given by Booker T Washington.

Changes in the Price of Oil in Relation to its Effects on the Worlds Economy essays

Changes in the Price of Oil in Relation to its Effects on the Worlds Economy essays It is a fact that oil, apart from the meaning of fuel or energy, has also the meaning of power, especially for the countries that produce it or have control over its production, and the rise or fall of its price creates economic disturbances and worries all over the world. Inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, are some of the factors that depend on the price of oil and are more addicted to its changes. So, it is not a surprise, that all the powerful countries like Russia and USA, are trying continuously during the last years to increase their share of the energy pie, especially now that the situation of international economy and the low levels of oil fields, are creating an unstable environment. According to Sloman (1997 : p.p. 124-127), OPEC is probably one of the best known cartels. It is a formal collusive agreement that has one purpose, to maximize industrys profits. The interdependence of those countries makes them to collude with each other and make them act as a monopoly. Crude oil prices behave much as any other commodity with wide price swings in times of shortage or oversupply. The crude oil price cycle may extend over several years. Over the last year, the price of oil had increased worldwide, approximately over 100%, reaching its highest levels over the last decade. This situation had stopped last November and at that time everyone believed that recession was over. It is worthing to note that by the end of January 2001, the price of oil had been stabilized in low levels. However, at the beginning of February, the price started to increase rapidly and could be estimated around $25.00 per barrel. The same month, O.P.E.C. decided that it was necessary for the oil production to stabilize at that level without any intervention. The first days of March 2001, the price continued to increase and it was then when O.P.E.C. after a careful consideration of the unpleasant situation that had been created, decid...

African Slaves Essay Example for Free

African Slaves Essay Slavery (449) , Slave (192) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? Rationale My project will be to examine the lives of Indian Indentured labourers between 1845 and 1917. The reason I am examining their lives is to prove that Indian Indentureship was just another form of slavery with a different name. The project will also assist me in learning about the Indian Indentureship period for my CSEC examination. Introduction Indentured labour was something like the last resort for planters after slavery. After the abolition of slavery the planters were left with a labour shortage. In their search for other sources of labour the planters tried Chinese, Madeirans, even free African slaves but each of these options all had their disadvantages. After a trial and error period with many different labourers, it was found that the Indians were the ideal labourers. The Indentureship period was supposed to be a fair, humane and just system unlike the African slave trade and slavery on the whole but this was not the case. In many aspects of the Indentureship period, it was almost identical to slavery. In the following paragraphs it will be shown from the evidence given, that Indians were treated almost as badly as African slaves, proving that the Indentureship period was simply another form of slavery. Indentureship and slavery are basically the same thing but the major thing that differentiated them was the fact that the Indian labourers were legally owned while the African slaves were forced to work for the planters. The Indians were cheated into signing contracts which they didn’t understand with false promises of a better life and good working conditions. The Indians were gullible and were easily tricked into signing the contracts  which ran from 3-5 years. The African slaves on the other were kidnapped in most cases and forced to work for the rest of their usually short lives. Their only chance of freedom would be allowed only if they purchased it, which was very unlikely. The journey for both the Africans and the Indians began with a long journey on a boat in deplorable living conditions. For the Indians the journey lasted from 93 to 113 days which was longer than the journey of the Africans which lasted from 6 to 10 weeks. Although both journeys were bad the Middle passage was a little worse than the journey the Indians endured. They were both kept in confined spaces which was unhealthy, especially if kept for long periods of time. Because of their confinement diseases were easily s pread and the mortality rate was very high. Life on the plantation was not much different because their living quarter were also confined. African Slaves. (2016, Apr 08).

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Leadership - Assignment Example Basically leadership includes an influencing relationship between leaders and the followers intended for bringing real changes and optimal policy ramifications which perfectly reflects the shared purpose. By picking up one of the definition of leaderships from a wide variety the most applicable in this can be stated as a shared mindset which acts a representative of understanding a fundamental way of thinking about, perceiving and understanding the mechanics of the business environment of today’s world (Daft &   Lane, 2008, pp. 5-7). Leadership is even more significant in crisis situation. Helio Fred in his article, â€Å"Effective leadership response to crisis’’ states that the organization generally survives a crisis with reputation by the timeliness as well as the effectiveness of the response which heavily depends upon the strategic focus and implementation of the policies by the leaders of any organization (Garcia, 2006). The paper directs towards the exh ibition of leadership with respect to an organization in times of crisis situation and how the leadership maintain the pace of operation in difficult times and shows the way for future growth which will be highlighted in the subsequent sections. Problem statement & Discussions The positions of the leadership are established in the settings of the work of the organizations for the purpose of achieving the purposes for which their existence is omnipotent within a larger system. The crux of the paper lies with the notion of organizational leadership. In an organization, the processes of leadership are generally directed towards defining, establishing as well as translating the direction for their followers with the provision of the enabling the process for the achievement of the purpose. The operation of the leadership is vehemently attached to the continuous development as well as attainment of the goals within the organizations (Zaccaro & Klimoski, n.d.). The company which will be di scussed in this paper is Hewlett Packard better known as HP. HP is an American multinational corporation with its headquarters in Palo Alto, California. The sectors where the company caters are mainly small and medium sized businesses and large enterprises as well as customers in the government, health and educational sectors and the products delivered by this company are software, technologies, solution s and services (Hewlett-Packard Co, n.d.). In the time span of 1995- 1999, the company was facing several restraints like fierce competition from the traditional competitors as well as new competitors entering into the market. In the field of computer as well as corporate computer business the biggest rivals of HP were Dell and IBM. The company lacked performance in the sphere of technology as well as field of innovation and encountered slow pace of growth. The aftermath was that the company lost its competitive edge among its competitors unable to develop any path breaking strategy for growth. Another significant cause of the generation of crisis situation was that of the serious bureaucracy within the organization itself which practically paralyzed the day to day operation of the organization and initiated severe inefficiencies and heavy decline in sales (Hoopes, 2001, p.4). But the situation changed with the appointment of Carleton S. Fiorina as the new Chief